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<h1 class="title"><a name="refman-5-7"></a>MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual</h1>
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<h2 class="subtitle">Including MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6</h2>
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<div class="abstract">
<p class="title"><b>Abstract</b></p><p>
        This is the MySQL™ Reference Manual. It documents MySQL
        5.7 through 5.7.24, as well as NDB
        Cluster releases based on version 7.5 of
        <a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 21 MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6"><code class="literal">NDB</code></a> through
        5.7.23-ndb-7.5.11, respectively. It may include
        documentation of features of MySQL versions that have not yet
        been released. For information about which versions have been
        released, see the
        <a class="ulink" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/" target="_top">MySQL
        5.7 Release Notes</a>.
      </p><p><b>MySQL 5.7 features. </b>
          This manual describes features that are not included in every
          edition of MySQL 5.7; such features may not be
          included in the edition of MySQL 5.7 licensed to
          you. If you have any questions about the features included in
          your edition of MySQL 5.7, refer to your MySQL
          5.7 license agreement or contact your Oracle
          sales representative.
        </p><p>
        For notes detailing the changes in each release, see the
        <a class="ulink" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/" target="_top">MySQL
        5.7 Release Notes</a>.
      </p><p>
        For legal information, including licensing information, see the
        <a class="xref" href="preface.html" title="Preface and Legal Notices">Preface and Legal Notices</a>.
      </p><p>
    For help with using MySQL, please visit either the
    <a class="ulink" href="http://forums.mysql.com" target="_top">MySQL Forums</a> or
    <a class="ulink" href="http://lists.mysql.com" target="_top">MySQL Mailing Lists</a>,
    where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users.

  </p><p>
        Document generated on:

        2018-08-10



        (revision: 58521)
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<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="preface.html">Preface and Legal Notices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="introduction.html">1 General Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#manual-info">1.1 About This Manual</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#manual-conventions">1.2 Typographical and Syntax Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#what-is">1.3 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#what-is-mysql">1.3.1 What is MySQL?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#features">1.3.2 The Main Features of MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#history">1.3.3 History of MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mysql-nutshell">1.4 What Is New in MySQL 5.7</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#added-deprecated-removed">1.5 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in
    MySQL 5.7</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#information-sources">1.6 MySQL Information Sources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mysql-web-sites">1.6.1 MySQL Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mailing-lists">1.6.2 MySQL Mailing Lists</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#forums">1.6.3 MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#irc">1.6.4 MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mysql-enterprise-information">1.6.5 MySQL Enterprise</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#bug-reports">1.7 How to Report Bugs or Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#compatibility">1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#extensions-to-ansi">1.8.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#differences-from-ansi">1.8.2 MySQL Differences from Standard SQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#constraints">1.8.3 How MySQL Deals with Constraints</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#credits">1.9 Credits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#contributors">1.9.1 Contributors to MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#documenters-translators">1.9.2 Documenters and translators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#packages">1.9.3 Packages that support MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#tools-used-to-create-mysql">1.9.4 Tools that were used to create MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#supporters">1.9.5 Supporters of MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="installing.html">2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#general-installation-issues">2.1 General Installation Guidance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#which-version">2.1.1 Which MySQL Version and Distribution to Install</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#getting-mysql">2.1.2 How to Get MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#verifying-package-integrity">2.1.3 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installation-layouts">2.1.4 Installation Layouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#compiler-characteristics">2.1.5 Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#binary-installation">2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-installation">2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-installation-layout">2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-choosing-package">2.3.2 Choosing an Installation Package</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#mysql-installer">2.3.3 MySQL Installer for Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-notifier">2.3.4 MySQL Notifier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-install-archive">2.3.5 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a
      <code class="literal">noinstall</code> ZIP Archive</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-troubleshooting">2.3.6 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-postinstallation">2.3.7 Windows Postinstallation Procedures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-upgrading">2.3.8 Upgrading MySQL on Windows</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#osx-installation">2.4 Installing MySQL on macOS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#osx-installation-notes">2.4.1 General Notes on Installing MySQL on macOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#osx-installation-pkg">2.4.2 Installing MySQL on macOS Using Native Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#osx-installation-launchd">2.4.3 Installing a MySQL Launch Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#osx-installation-prefpane">2.4.4 Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation">2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-yum-repo">2.5.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#replace-third-party-yum">2.5.2 Replacing a Third-Party Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL Yum
      Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-apt-repo">2.5.3 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-sles-repo">2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-rpm">2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-debian">2.5.6 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-docker">2.5.7 Deploying MySQL on Linux with Docker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-native">2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-installation-juju">2.5.9 Installing MySQL on Linux with Juju</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#using-systemd">2.5.10 Managing MySQL Server with systemd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#uln-installation">2.6 Installing MySQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#solaris-installation">2.7 Installing MySQL on Solaris</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#solaris-installation-pkg">2.7.1 Installing MySQL on Solaris Using a Solaris PKG</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#freebsd-installation">2.8 Installing MySQL on FreeBSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#source-installation">2.9 Installing MySQL from Source</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#source-installation-layout">2.9.1 MySQL Layout for Source Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-source-distribution">2.9.2 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-development-tree">2.9.3 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#source-configuration-options">2.9.4 MySQL Source-Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#compilation-problems">2.9.5 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#source-configuration-third-party">2.9.6 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#postinstallation">2.10 Postinstallation Setup and Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#data-directory-initialization">2.10.1 Initializing the Data Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#starting-server">2.10.2 Starting the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#testing-server">2.10.3 Testing the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#default-privileges">2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#automatic-start">2.10.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#upgrading-downgrading">2.11 Upgrading or Downgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#upgrading">2.11.1 Upgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#downgrading">2.11.2 Downgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#rebuilding-tables">2.11.3 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#copying-databases">2.11.4 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#perl-support">2.12 Perl Installation Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#perl-installation">2.12.1 Installing Perl on Unix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#activestate-perl">2.12.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#perl-support-problems">2.12.3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="tutorial.html">3 Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#connecting-disconnecting">3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#entering-queries">3.2 Entering Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#database-use">3.3 Creating and Using a Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#creating-database">3.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#creating-tables">3.3.2 Creating a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#loading-tables">3.3.3 Loading Data into a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#retrieving-data">3.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#getting-information">3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#batch-mode">3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#examples">3.6 Examples of Common Queries</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column">3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-row">3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column-group">3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column-group-row">3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-user-variables">3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-foreign-keys">3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#searching-on-two-keys">3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#calculating-days">3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-auto-increment">3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#apache">3.7 Using MySQL with Apache</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="programs.html">4 MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-overview">4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-using">4.2 Using MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#invoking-programs">4.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#connecting">4.2.2 Connecting to the MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#program-options">4.2.3 Specifying Program Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#command-line-options">4.2.4 Using Options on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#option-modifiers">4.2.5 Program Option Modifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#option-files">4.2.6 Using Option Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#option-file-options">4.2.7 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#program-variables">4.2.8 Using Options to Set Program Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#option-defaults-equals">4.2.9 Option Defaults, Options Expecting Values, and the = Sign</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#setting-environment-variables">4.2.10 Setting Environment Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-server">4.3 MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqld">4.3.1 <span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span> — The MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqld-safe">4.3.2 <span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span> — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-server">4.3.3 <span class="command"><strong>mysql.server</strong></span> — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqld-multi">4.3.4 <span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span> — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-installation">4.4 MySQL Installation-Related Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#comp-err">4.4.1 <span class="command"><strong>comp_err</strong></span> — Compile MySQL Error Message File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-install-db">4.4.2 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_install_db</strong></span> — Initialize MySQL Data Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-plugin">4.4.3 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_plugin</strong></span> — Configure MySQL Server Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-secure-installation">4.4.4 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_secure_installation</strong></span> — Improve MySQL Installation Security</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-ssl-rsa-setup">4.4.5 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_ssl_rsa_setup</strong></span> — Create SSL/RSA Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-tzinfo-to-sql">4.4.6 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_tzinfo_to_sql</strong></span> — Load the Time Zone Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-upgrade">4.4.7 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_upgrade</strong></span> — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-client">4.5 MySQL Client Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql">4.5.1 <span class="command"><strong>mysql</strong></span> — The MySQL Command-Line Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqladmin">4.5.2 <span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span> — Client for Administering a MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlcheck">4.5.3 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlcheck</strong></span> — A Table Maintenance Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqldump">4.5.4 <span class="command"><strong>mysqldump</strong></span> — A Database Backup Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlimport">4.5.5 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlimport</strong></span> — A Data Import Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlpump">4.5.6 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlpump</strong></span> — A Database Backup Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlshow">4.5.7 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlshow</strong></span> — Display Database, Table, and Column Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlslap">4.5.8 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlslap</strong></span> — Load Emulation Client</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-admin-utils">4.6 MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#innochecksum">4.6.1 <span class="command"><strong>innochecksum</strong></span> — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#myisam-ftdump">4.6.2 <span class="command"><strong>myisam_ftdump</strong></span> — Display Full-Text Index information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#myisamchk">4.6.3 <span class="command"><strong>myisamchk</strong></span> — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#myisamlog">4.6.4 <span class="command"><strong>myisamlog</strong></span> — Display MyISAM Log File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#myisampack">4.6.5 <span class="command"><strong>myisampack</strong></span> — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-config-editor">4.6.6 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_config_editor</strong></span> — MySQL Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqlbinlog">4.6.7 <span class="command"><strong>mysqlbinlog</strong></span> — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysqldumpslow">4.6.8 <span class="command"><strong>mysqldumpslow</strong></span> — Summarize Slow Query Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-development">4.7 MySQL Program Development Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#mysql-config">4.7.1 <span class="command"><strong>mysql_config</strong></span> — Display Options for Compiling Clients</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#my-print-defaults">4.7.2 <span class="command"><strong>my_print_defaults</strong></span> — Display Options from Option Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#resolve-stack-dump">4.7.3 <span class="command"><strong>resolve_stack_dump</strong></span> — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#programs-miscellaneous">4.8 Miscellaneous Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#lz4-decompress">4.8.1 <span class="command"><strong>lz4_decompress</strong></span> — Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#perror">4.8.2 <span class="command"><strong>perror</strong></span> — Explain Error Codes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#replace-utility">4.8.3 <span class="command"><strong>replace</strong></span> — A String-Replacement Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#resolveip">4.8.4 <span class="command"><strong>resolveip</strong></span> — Resolve Host name to IP Address or Vice
Versa</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#zlib-decompress">4.8.5 <span class="command"><strong>zlib_decompress</strong></span> — Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="programs.html#environment-variables">4.9 MySQL Program Environment Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="server-administration.html">5 MySQL Server Administration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysqld-server">5.1 The MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-configuration">5.1.1 Configuring the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-configuration-defaults">5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-option-variable-reference">5.1.3 Server Option, System Variable, and Status Variable Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-system-variable-reference">5.1.4 Server System Variable Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-status-variable-reference">5.1.5 Server Status Variable Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-options">5.1.6 Server Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-system-variables">5.1.7 Server System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#using-system-variables">5.1.8 Using System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-status-variables">5.1.9 Server Status Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#sql-mode">5.1.10 Server SQL Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#ipv6-support">5.1.11 IPv6 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#time-zone-support">5.1.12 MySQL Server Time Zone Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#session-state-tracking">5.1.13 Server Tracking of Client Session State Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-side-help-support">5.1.14 Server-Side Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-signal-response">5.1.15 Server Response to Signals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-shutdown">5.1.16 The Server Shutdown Process</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#data-directory">5.2 The MySQL Data Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#system-database">5.3 The mysql System Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-logs">5.4 MySQL Server Logs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#log-destinations">5.4.1 Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#error-log">5.4.2 The Error Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#query-log">5.4.3 The General Query Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#binary-log">5.4.4 The Binary Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#slow-query-log">5.4.5 The Slow Query Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#ddl-log">5.4.6 The DDL Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#log-file-maintenance">5.4.7 Server Log Maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-plugins">5.5 MySQL Server Plugins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-plugin-loading">5.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#obtaining-plugin-information">5.5.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#thread-pool">5.5.3 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin">5.5.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#version-tokens">5.5.5 Version Tokens</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-servers">5.6 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-data-directories">5.6.1 Setting Up Multiple Data Directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-windows-servers">5.6.2 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-unix-servers">5.6.3 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Unix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-server-clients">5.6.4 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#dba-dtrace-server">5.7 Tracing mysqld Using DTrace</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#dba-dtrace-mysqld-ref">5.7.1 mysqld DTrace Probe Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="security.html">6 Security</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#general-security-issues">6.1 General Security Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#security-guidelines">6.1.1 Security Guidelines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#password-security">6.1.2 Keeping Passwords Secure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#security-against-attack">6.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#security-options">6.1.4 Security-Related mysqld Options and Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#changing-mysql-user">6.1.5 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#load-data-local">6.1.6 Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#secure-client-programming">6.1.7 Client Programming Security Guidelines</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#privilege-system">6.2 The MySQL Access Privilege System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#privileges-provided">6.2.1 Privileges Provided by MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#grant-tables">6.2.2 Grant Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#account-names">6.2.3 Specifying Account Names</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#connection-access">6.2.4 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#request-access">6.2.5 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#privilege-changes">6.2.6 When Privilege Changes Take Effect</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#problems-connecting">6.2.7 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#user-account-management">6.3 MySQL User Account Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#user-names">6.3.1 User Names and Passwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#adding-users">6.3.2 Adding User Accounts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#removing-users">6.3.3 Removing User Accounts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#reserved-users">6.3.4 Reserved User Accounts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#user-resources">6.3.5 Setting Account Resource Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#assigning-passwords">6.3.6 Assigning Account Passwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#password-management">6.3.7 Password Management</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#expired-password-handling">6.3.8 Password Expiration and Sandbox Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#pluggable-authentication">6.3.9 Pluggable Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#proxy-users">6.3.10 Proxy Users</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#account-locking">6.3.11 User Account Locking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#account-activity-auditing">6.3.12 SQL-Based MySQL Account Activity Auditing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#encrypted-connections">6.4 Using Encrypted Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#using-encrypted-connections">6.4.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#encrypted-connection-options">6.4.2 Command Options for Encrypted Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#creating-ssl-rsa-files">6.4.3 Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#ssl-libraries">6.4.4 OpenSSL Versus yaSSL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#building-with-encrypted-connection-support">6.4.5 Building MySQL with Support for Encrypted Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#encrypted-connection-protocols-ciphers">6.4.6 Encrypted Connection Protocols and Ciphers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#windows-and-ssh">6.4.7 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#security-plugins">6.5 Security Plugins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#authentication-plugins">6.5.1 Authentication Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#connection-control">6.5.2 The Connection-Control Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#validate-password">6.5.3 The Password Validation Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#keyring">6.5.4 The MySQL Keyring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#audit-log">6.5.5 MySQL Enterprise Audit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="security.html#firewall">6.5.6 MySQL Enterprise Firewall</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html">7 Backup and Recovery</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#backup-types">7.1 Backup and Recovery Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#backup-methods">7.2 Database Backup Methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#backup-strategy-example">7.3 Example Backup and Recovery Strategy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#backup-policy">7.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#recovery-from-backups">7.3.2 Using Backups for Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#backup-strategy-summary">7.3.3 Backup Strategy Summary</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#using-mysqldump">7.4 Using mysqldump for Backups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#mysqldump-sql-format">7.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#reloading-sql-format-dumps">7.4.2 Reloading SQL-Format Backups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#mysqldump-delimited-text">7.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#reloading-delimited-text-dumps">7.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#mysqldump-tips">7.4.5 mysqldump Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#point-in-time-recovery">7.5 Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery Using the Binary Log</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#point-in-time-recovery-times">7.5.1 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Times</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#point-in-time-recovery-positions">7.5.2 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-table-maintenance">7.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-crash-recovery">7.6.1 Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-check">7.6.2 How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-repair">7.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-optimization">7.6.4 MyISAM Table Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html#myisam-maintenance-schedule">7.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="optimization.html">8 Optimization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimize-overview">8.1 Optimization Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#statement-optimization">8.2 Optimizing SQL Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#select-optimization">8.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#subquery-optimization">8.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, and View References</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#information-schema-optimization">8.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#data-change-optimization">8.2.4 Optimizing Data Change Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#permission-optimization">8.2.5 Optimizing Database Privileges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#miscellaneous-optimization-tips">8.2.6 Other Optimization Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimization-indexes">8.3 Optimization and Indexes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#mysql-indexes">8.3.1 How MySQL Uses Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#primary-key-optimization">8.3.2 Primary Key Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#foreign-key-optimization">8.3.3 Foreign Key Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#column-indexes">8.3.4 Column Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#multiple-column-indexes">8.3.5 Multiple-Column Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#verifying-index-usage">8.3.6 Verifying Index Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#index-statistics">8.3.7 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#index-btree-hash">8.3.8 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#index-extensions">8.3.9 Use of Index Extensions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#generated-column-index-optimizations">8.3.10 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-database-structure">8.4 Optimizing Database Structure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#data-size">8.4.1 Optimizing Data Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimize-data-types">8.4.2 Optimizing MySQL Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimize-multi-tables">8.4.3 Optimizing for Many Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#internal-temporary-tables">8.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb">8.5 Optimizing for InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-storage-layout">8.5.1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-transaction-management">8.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#innodb-performance-ro-txn">8.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-logging">8.5.4 Optimizing InnoDB Redo Logging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading">8.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-queries">8.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-ddl-operations">8.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-diskio">8.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-configuration-variables">8.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-innodb-many-tables">8.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-myisam">8.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-queries-myisam">8.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading">8.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#repair-table-optimization">8.6.3 Optimizing REPAIR TABLE Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-memory-tables">8.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#execution-plan-information">8.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#using-explain">8.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#explain-output">8.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#explain-extended">8.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#explain-for-connection">8.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#estimating-performance">8.8.5 Estimating Query Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#controlling-optimizer">8.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#controlling-query-plan-evaluation">8.9.1 Controlling Query Plan Evaluation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizer-hints">8.9.2 Optimizer Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#switchable-optimizations">8.9.3 Switchable Optimizations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#index-hints">8.9.4 Index Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#cost-model">8.9.5 The Optimizer Cost Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#buffering-caching">8.10 Buffering and Caching</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#innodb-buffer-pool-optimization">8.10.1 InnoDB Buffer Pool Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#myisam-key-cache">8.10.2 The MyISAM Key Cache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#query-cache">8.10.3 The MySQL Query Cache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#statement-caching">8.10.4 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#locking-issues">8.11 Optimizing Locking Operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#internal-locking">8.11.1 Internal Locking Methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#table-locking">8.11.2 Table Locking Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#concurrent-inserts">8.11.3 Concurrent Inserts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#metadata-locking">8.11.4 Metadata Locking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#external-locking">8.11.5 External Locking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-server">8.12 Optimizing the MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#system-optimization">8.12.1 System Factors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#disk-issues">8.12.2 Optimizing Disk I/O</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#symbolic-links">8.12.3 Using Symbolic Links</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-memory">8.12.4 Optimizing Memory Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-network">8.12.5 Optimizing Network Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimize-benchmarking">8.13 Measuring Performance (Benchmarking)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#select-benchmarking">8.13.1 Measuring the Speed of Expressions and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#custom-benchmarks">8.13.2 Using Your Own Benchmarks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#monitoring-performance-schema">8.13.3 Measuring Performance with performance_schema</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#thread-information">8.14 Examining Thread Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#thread-commands">8.14.1 Thread Command Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#general-thread-states">8.14.2 General Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#query-cache-thread-states">8.14.3 Query Cache Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#master-thread-states">8.14.4 Replication Master Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#slave-io-thread-states">8.14.5 Replication Slave I/O Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#slave-sql-thread-states">8.14.6 Replication Slave SQL Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#slave-connection-thread-states">8.14.7 Replication Slave Connection Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#mysql-cluster-thread-states">8.14.8 NDB Cluster Thread States</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#event-scheduler-thread-states">8.14.9 Event Scheduler Thread States</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="language-structure.html">9 Language Structure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#literals">9.1 Literal Values</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#string-literals">9.1.1 String Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#number-literals">9.1.2 Numeric Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#date-and-time-literals">9.1.3 Date and Time Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#hexadecimal-literals">9.1.4 Hexadecimal Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#bit-value-literals">9.1.5 Bit-Value Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#boolean-literals">9.1.6 Boolean Literals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#null-values">9.1.7 NULL Values</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifiers">9.2 Schema Object Names</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifier-qualifiers">9.2.1 Identifier Qualifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifier-case-sensitivity">9.2.2 Identifier Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifier-mapping">9.2.3 Mapping of Identifiers to File Names</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#function-resolution">9.2.4 Function Name Parsing and Resolution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#keywords">9.3 Keywords and Reserved Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#user-variables">9.4 User-Defined Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#expressions">9.5 Expression Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#comments">9.6 Comment Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="charset.html">10 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-general">10.1 Character Sets and Collations in General</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-mysql">10.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-repertoire">10.2.1 Character Set Repertoire</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-metadata">10.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-syntax">10.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-names">10.3.1 Collation Naming Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-server">10.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-database">10.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-table">10.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-column">10.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-literal">10.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-national">10.3.7 The National Character Set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-introducer">10.3.8 Character Set Introducers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-examples">10.3.9 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-compatibility">10.3.10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-connection">10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-applications">10.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-errors">10.6 Error Message Character Set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-conversion">10.7 Column Character Set Conversion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collations">10.8 Collation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collate">10.8.1 Using COLLATE in SQL Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collate-precedence">10.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-compatibility">10.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-coercibility">10.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-binary-collations">10.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-effect">10.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-information-schema">10.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode">10.9 Unicode Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf8mb4">10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf8mb3">10.9.2 The utf8mb3 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf8">10.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Alias for utf8mb3)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-ucs2">10.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set (UCS-2 Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf16">10.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf16le">10.9.6 The utf16le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-utf32">10.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-conversion">10.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-charsets">10.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-unicode-sets">10.10.1 Unicode Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-we-sets">10.10.2 West European Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-ce-sets">10.10.3 Central European Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-se-me-sets">10.10.4 South European and Middle East Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-baltic-sets">10.10.5 Baltic Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-cyrillic-sets">10.10.6 Cyrillic Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-asian-sets">10.10.7 Asian Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-binary-set">10.10.8 The Binary Character Set</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#error-message-language">10.11 Setting the Error Message Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#adding-character-set">10.12 Adding a Character Set</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#character-arrays">10.12.1 Character Definition Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#string-collating">10.12.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#multibyte-characters">10.12.3 Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#adding-collation">10.13 Adding a Collation to a Character Set</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-collation-implementations">10.13.1 Collation Implementation Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#adding-collation-choosing-id">10.13.2 Choosing a Collation ID</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#adding-collation-simple-8bit">10.13.3 Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#adding-collation-unicode-uca">10.13.4 Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#charset-configuration">10.14 Character Set Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="charset.html#locale-support">10.15 MySQL Server Locale Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="data-types.html">11 Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#data-type-overview">11.1 Data Type Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#numeric-type-overview">11.1.1 Numeric Type Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#date-and-time-type-overview">11.1.2 Date and Time Type Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#string-type-overview">11.1.3 String Type Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#numeric-types">11.2 Numeric Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#integer-types">11.2.1 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT,
        MEDIUMINT, BIGINT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#fixed-point-types">11.2.2 Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value) - DECIMAL, NUMERIC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#floating-point-types">11.2.3 Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value) - FLOAT, DOUBLE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#bit-type">11.2.4 Bit-Value Type - BIT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#numeric-type-attributes">11.2.5 Numeric Type Attributes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#out-of-range-and-overflow">11.2.6 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#date-and-time-types">11.3 Date and Time Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#datetime">11.3.1 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#time">11.3.2 The TIME Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#year">11.3.3 The YEAR Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#migrating-to-year4">11.3.4 YEAR(2) Limitations and Migrating to YEAR(4)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#timestamp-initialization">11.3.5 Automatic Initialization and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#fractional-seconds">11.3.6 Fractional Seconds in Time Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#date-and-time-type-conversion">11.3.7 Conversion Between Date and Time Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#two-digit-years">11.3.8 Two-Digit Years in Dates</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#string-types">11.4 String Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#char">11.4.1 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#binary-varbinary">11.4.2 The BINARY and VARBINARY Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#blob">11.4.3 The BLOB and TEXT Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#enum">11.4.4 The ENUM Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#set">11.4.5 The SET Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#spatial-types">11.5 Spatial Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#spatial-type-overview">11.5.1 Spatial Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#opengis-geometry-model">11.5.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#gis-data-formats">11.5.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#geometry-well-formedness-validity">11.5.4 Geometry Well-Formedness and Validity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#creating-spatial-columns">11.5.5 Creating Spatial Columns</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#populating-spatial-columns">11.5.6 Populating Spatial Columns</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#fetching-spatial-data">11.5.7 Fetching Spatial Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#optimizing-spatial-analysis">11.5.8 Optimizing Spatial Analysis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#creating-spatial-indexes">11.5.9 Creating Spatial Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#using-spatial-indexes">11.5.10 Using Spatial Indexes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#json">11.6 The JSON Data Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#data-type-defaults">11.7 Data Type Default Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#storage-requirements">11.8 Data Type Storage Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#choosing-types">11.9 Choosing the Right Type for a Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#other-vendor-data-types">11.10 Using Data Types from Other Database Engines</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="functions.html">12 Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#func-op-summary-ref">12.1 Function and Operator Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#type-conversion">12.2 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#non-typed-operators">12.3 Operators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#operator-precedence">12.3.1 Operator Precedence</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#comparison-operators">12.3.2 Comparison Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#logical-operators">12.3.3 Logical Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#assignment-operators">12.3.4 Assignment Operators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#control-flow-functions">12.4 Control Flow Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#string-functions">12.5 String Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#string-comparison-functions">12.5.1 String Comparison Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#regexp">12.5.2 Regular Expressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#string-functions-charset">12.5.3 Character Set and Collation of Function Results</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#numeric-functions">12.6 Numeric Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#arithmetic-functions">12.6.1 Arithmetic Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#mathematical-functions">12.6.2 Mathematical Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#date-and-time-functions">12.7 Date and Time Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#mysql-calendar">12.8 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-search">12.9 Full-Text Search Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-natural-language">12.9.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-boolean">12.9.2 Boolean Full-Text Searches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-query-expansion">12.9.3 Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-stopwords">12.9.4 Full-Text Stopwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-restrictions">12.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-fine-tuning">12.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#full-text-adding-collation">12.9.7 Adding a Collation for Full-Text Indexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-search-ngram">12.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-search-mecab">12.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#cast-functions">12.10 Cast Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#xml-functions">12.11 XML Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#bit-functions">12.12 Bit Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#encryption-functions">12.13 Encryption and Compression Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#information-functions">12.14 Information Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-analysis-functions">12.15 Spatial Analysis Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-function-reference">12.15.1 Spatial Function Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-function-argument-handling">12.15.2 Argument Handling by Spatial Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gis-wkt-functions">12.15.3 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKT Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gis-wkb-functions">12.15.4 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKB Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gis-mysql-specific-functions">12.15.5 MySQL-Specific Functions That Create Geometry Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gis-format-conversion-functions">12.15.6 Geometry Format Conversion Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gis-property-functions">12.15.7 Geometry Property Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-operator-functions">12.15.8 Spatial Operator Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-relation-functions">12.15.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-geohash-functions">12.15.10 Spatial Geohash Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-geojson-functions">12.15.11 Spatial GeoJSON Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#spatial-convenience-functions">12.15.12 Spatial Convenience Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-functions">12.16 JSON Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-function-reference">12.16.1 JSON Function Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-creation-functions">12.16.2 Functions That Create JSON Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-search-functions">12.16.3 Functions That Search JSON Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-modification-functions">12.16.4 Functions That Modify JSON Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-attribute-functions">12.16.5 Functions That Return JSON Value Attributes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-utility-functions">12.16.6 JSON Utility Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#json-path-syntax">12.16.7 JSON Path Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#gtid-functions">12.17 Functions Used with Global Transaction IDs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#enterprise-encryption">12.18 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#enterprise-encryption-installation">12.18.1 Enterprise Encryption Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#enterprise-encryption-usage">12.18.2 Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#enterprise-encryption-function-reference">12.18.3 Enterprise Encryption Function Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#enterprise-encryption-functions">12.18.4 Enterprise Encryption Function Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-functions-and-modifiers">12.19 Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-functions">12.19.1 Aggregate (GROUP BY) Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-modifiers">12.19.2 GROUP BY Modifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-handling">12.19.3 MySQL Handling of GROUP BY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-functional-dependence">12.19.4 Detection of Functional Dependence</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#miscellaneous-functions">12.20 Miscellaneous Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math">12.21 Precision Math</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math-numbers">12.21.1 Types of Numeric Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math-decimal-characteristics">12.21.2 DECIMAL Data Type Characteristics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math-expressions">12.21.3 Expression Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math-rounding">12.21.4 Rounding Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#precision-math-examples">12.21.5 Precision Math Examples</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="sql-syntax.html">13 SQL Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-data-definition">13.1 Data Definition Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-database">13.1.1 ALTER DATABASE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-event">13.1.2 ALTER EVENT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-function">13.1.3 ALTER FUNCTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-instance">13.1.4 ALTER INSTANCE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-logfile-group">13.1.5 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-procedure">13.1.6 ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-server">13.1.7 ALTER SERVER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-table">13.1.8 ALTER TABLE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-tablespace">13.1.9 ALTER TABLESPACE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-view">13.1.10 ALTER VIEW Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-database">13.1.11 CREATE DATABASE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-event">13.1.12 CREATE EVENT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-function">13.1.13 CREATE FUNCTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-index">13.1.14 CREATE INDEX Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-logfile-group">13.1.15 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-procedure">13.1.16 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-server">13.1.17 CREATE SERVER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-table">13.1.18 CREATE TABLE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-tablespace">13.1.19 CREATE TABLESPACE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-trigger">13.1.20 CREATE TRIGGER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-view">13.1.21 CREATE VIEW Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-database">13.1.22 DROP DATABASE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-event">13.1.23 DROP EVENT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-function">13.1.24 DROP FUNCTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-index">13.1.25 DROP INDEX Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-logfile-group">13.1.26 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-procedure">13.1.27 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-server">13.1.28 DROP SERVER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-table">13.1.29 DROP TABLE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-tablespace">13.1.30 DROP TABLESPACE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-trigger">13.1.31 DROP TRIGGER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-view">13.1.32 DROP VIEW Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#rename-table">13.1.33 RENAME TABLE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#truncate-table">13.1.34 TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-data-manipulation">13.2 Data Manipulation Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#call">13.2.1 CALL Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#delete">13.2.2 DELETE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#do">13.2.3 DO Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#handler">13.2.4 HANDLER Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#insert">13.2.5 INSERT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#load-data">13.2.6 LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#load-xml">13.2.7 LOAD XML Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replace">13.2.8 REPLACE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#select">13.2.9 SELECT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#subqueries">13.2.10 Subquery Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#update">13.2.11 UPDATE Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-transactions">13.3 Transactional and Locking Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#commit">13.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#cannot-roll-back">13.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#implicit-commit">13.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#savepoint">13.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#lock-tables">13.3.5 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#set-transaction">13.3.6 SET TRANSACTION Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#xa">13.3.7 XA Transactions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-replication">13.4 Replication Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-master-sql">13.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-slave-sql">13.4.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-group-sql">13.4.3 SQL Statements for Controlling Group Replication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-prepared-statements">13.5 Prepared SQL Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#prepare">13.5.1 PREPARE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#execute">13.5.2 EXECUTE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#deallocate-prepare">13.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-compound-statements">13.6 Compound-Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#begin-end">13.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound-Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#statement-labels">13.6.2 Statement Label Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#declare">13.6.3 DECLARE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#stored-program-variables">13.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#flow-control-statements">13.6.5 Flow Control Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#cursors">13.6.6 Cursors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#condition-handling">13.6.7 Condition Handling</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-server-administration">13.7 Database Administration Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#account-management-sql">13.7.1 Account Management Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#table-maintenance-sql">13.7.2 Table Maintenance Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#component-sql">13.7.3 Plugin and User-Defined Function Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#set-statement">13.7.4 SET Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#show">13.7.5 SHOW Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#other-administrative-sql">13.7.6 Other Administrative Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sql-syntax-utility">13.8 Utility Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#describe">13.8.1 DESCRIBE Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#explain">13.8.2 EXPLAIN Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#help">13.8.3 HELP Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#use">13.8.4 USE Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html">14 The InnoDB Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-introduction">14.1 Introduction to InnoDB</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-benefits">14.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-best-practices">14.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-check-availability">14.1.3 Verifying that InnoDB is the Default Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-benchmarking">14.1.4 Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-turning-off">14.1.5 Turning Off InnoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#mysql-acid">14.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-multi-versioning">14.3 InnoDB Multi-Versioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-concepts">14.4 InnoDB Architecture</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-buffer-pool-intro">14.4.1 Buffer Pool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-insert-buffering">14.4.2 Change Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-adaptive-hash">14.4.3 Adaptive Hash Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-redo-log-buffer">14.4.4 Redo Log Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-system-tablespace">14.4.5 System Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-data-dictionary">14.4.6 InnoDB Data Dictionary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-doublewrite-buffer">14.4.7 Doublewrite Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-undo-logs">14.4.8 Undo Logs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-per-table-intro">14.4.9 File-Per-Table Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-general-tablespace-intro">14.4.10 General Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-undo-tablespace-intro">14.4.11 Undo Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-temporary-tablespace">14.4.12 Temporary Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-redo-log">14.4.13 Redo Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-locking-transaction-model">14.5 InnoDB Locking and Transaction Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-locking">14.5.1 InnoDB Locking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-transaction-model">14.5.2 InnoDB Transaction Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-locks-set">14.5.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-next-key-locking">14.5.4 Phantom Rows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-deadlocks">14.5.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-configuration">14.6 InnoDB Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-init-startup-configuration">14.6.1 InnoDB Startup Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-read-only-instance">14.6.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-buffer-pool">14.6.3 InnoDB Buffer Pool Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-use_sys_malloc">14.6.4 Configuring the Memory Allocator for InnoDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-change_buffering">14.6.5 Configuring InnoDB Change Buffering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-thread_concurrency">14.6.6 Configuring Thread Concurrency for InnoDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-multiple_io_threads">14.6.7 Configuring the Number of Background InnoDB I/O Threads</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-linux-native-aio">14.6.8 Using Asynchronous I/O on Linux</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-thread_io_rate">14.6.9 Configuring the InnoDB Master Thread I/O Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-spin_lock_polling">14.6.10 Configuring Spin Lock Polling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-improved-purge-scheduling">14.6.11 Configuring InnoDB Purge Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-optimizer-statistics">14.6.12 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#index-page-merge-threshold">14.6.13 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-tablespace">14.7 InnoDB Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-resize-system-tablespace">14.7.1 Resizing the InnoDB System Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-data-log-reconfiguration">14.7.2 Changing the Number or Size of InnoDB Redo Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-raw-devices">14.7.3 Using Raw Disk Partitions for the System Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-multiple-tablespaces">14.7.4 InnoDB File-Per-Table Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#tablespace-placing">14.7.5 Creating File-Per-Table Tablespaces Outside the Data Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#tablespace-copying">14.7.6 Copying File-Per-Table Tablespaces to Another Instance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-undo-tablespace">14.7.7 Configuring Undo Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#truncate-undo-tablespace">14.7.8 Truncating Undo Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#general-tablespaces">14.7.9 InnoDB General Tablespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-tablespace-encryption">14.7.10 InnoDB Tablespace Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-tables-indexes">14.8 InnoDB Tables and Indexes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-tables">14.8.1 InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-indexes">14.8.2 InnoDB Indexes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-compression">14.9 InnoDB Table and Page Compression</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-table-compression">14.9.1 InnoDB Table Compression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-page-compression">14.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-format">14.10 InnoDB File-Format Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-format-enabling">14.10.1 Enabling File Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-format-compatibility">14.10.2 Verifying File Format Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-format-identifying">14.10.3 Identifying the File Format in Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-format-downgrading">14.10.4 Modifying the File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-row-format">14.11 InnoDB Row Storage and Row Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-row-format-overview">14.11.1 Overview of InnoDB Row Storage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-row-format-specification">14.11.2 Specifying the Row Format for a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-row-format-dynamic">14.11.3 DYNAMIC and COMPRESSED Row Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-row-format-antelope">14.11.4 COMPACT and REDUNDANT Row Formats</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-disk-management">14.12 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-disk-io">14.12.1 InnoDB Disk I/O</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-space">14.12.2 File Space Management</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-checkpoints">14.12.3 InnoDB Checkpoints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-file-defragmenting">14.12.4 Defragmenting a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-truncate-table-reclaim-space">14.12.5 Reclaiming Disk Space with TRUNCATE TABLE</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-online-ddl">14.13 InnoDB and Online DDL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-create-index-overview">14.13.1 Online DDL Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-create-index-concurrency">14.13.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-online-ddl-space-requirements">14.13.3 Online DDL Space Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-online-ddl-single-multi">14.13.4 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-online-ddl-failure-conditions">14.13.5 Online DDL Failure Conditions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-create-index-limitations">14.13.6 Online DDL Limitations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-parameters">14.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema">14.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-compression-tables">14.15.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about Compression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-transactions">14.15.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-system-tables">14.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA System Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-fulltext_index-tables">14.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-buffer-pool-tables">14.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-metrics-table">14.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-temp-table-info">14.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-information-schema-files-table">14.15.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-performance-schema">14.16 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#monitor-alter-table-performance-schema">14.16.1 Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance
      Schema</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#monitor-innodb-mutex-waits-performance-schema">14.16.2 Monitoring InnoDB Mutex Waits Using Performance Schema</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-monitors">14.17 InnoDB Monitors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-monitor-types">14.17.1 InnoDB Monitor Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-enabling-monitors">14.17.2 Enabling InnoDB Monitors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-standard-monitor">14.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-backup-recovery">14.18 InnoDB Backup and Recovery</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-backup">14.18.1 InnoDB Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-recovery">14.18.2 InnoDB Recovery</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-and-mysql-replication">14.19 InnoDB and MySQL Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached">14.20 InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-benefits">14.20.1 Benefits of the InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-intro">14.20.2 InnoDB memcached Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-setup">14.20.3 Setting Up the InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-security">14.20.4 Security Considerations for the InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-developing">14.20.5 Writing Applications for the InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-replication">14.20.6 The InnoDB memcached Plugin and Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-internals">14.20.7 InnoDB memcached Plugin Internals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-memcached-troubleshoot">14.20.8 Troubleshooting the InnoDB memcached Plugin</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-troubleshooting">14.21 InnoDB Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#error-creating-innodb">14.21.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB I/O Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#forcing-innodb-recovery">14.21.2 Forcing InnoDB Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-troubleshooting-datadict">14.21.3 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html#innodb-error-handling">14.21.4 InnoDB Error Handling</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="storage-engines.html">15 Alternative Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#storage-engine-setting">15.1 Setting the Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-storage-engine">15.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-start">15.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#key-space">15.2.2 Space Needed for Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-table-formats">15.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-table-problems">15.2.4 MyISAM Table Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#memory-storage-engine">15.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#csv-storage-engine">15.4 The CSV Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#se-csv-repair">15.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#se-csv-limitations">15.4.2 CSV Limitations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#archive-storage-engine">15.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#blackhole-storage-engine">15.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#merge-storage-engine">15.7 The MERGE Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#merge-table-advantages">15.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#merge-table-problems">15.7.2 MERGE Table Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-storage-engine">15.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-description">15.8.1 FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-create">15.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-usagenotes">15.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-storage-engine-resources">15.8.4 FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#example-storage-engine">15.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#storage-engines-other">15.10 Other Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#pluggable-storage-overview">15.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#pluggable-storage">15.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#pluggable-storage-common-layer">15.11.2 The Common Database Server Layer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="replication.html">16 Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-configuration">16.1 Configuring Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#binlog-replication-configuration-overview">16.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-howto">16.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-gtids">16.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-multi-source">16.1.4 MySQL Multi-Source Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-mode-change-online">16.1.5 Changing Replication Modes on Online Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-options">16.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-administration">16.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-implementation">16.2 Replication Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-formats">16.2.1 Replication Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-implementation-details">16.2.2 Replication Implementation Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-channels">16.2.3 Replication Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#slave-logs">16.2.4 Replication Relay and Status Logs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-rules">16.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions">16.3 Replication Solutions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-backups">16.3.1 Using Replication for Backups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-unexpected-slave-halt">16.3.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replication Slave</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-diffengines">16.3.3 Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-scaleout">16.3.4 Using Replication for Scale-Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-partitioning">16.3.5 Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-performance">16.3.6 Improving Replication Performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-switch">16.3.7 Switching Masters During Failover</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-encrypted-connections">16.3.8 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-semisync">16.3.9 Semisynchronous Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-delayed">16.3.10 Delayed Replication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-notes">16.4 Replication Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-features">16.4.1 Replication Features and Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-compatibility">16.4.2 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-upgrade">16.4.3 Upgrading a Replication Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-problems">16.4.4 Troubleshooting Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-bugs">16.4.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="group-replication.html">17 Group Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-background">17.1 Group Replication Background</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-replication-technologies">17.1.1 Replication Technologies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-use-cases">17.1.2 Group Replication Use Cases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-details">17.1.3 Group Replication Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-getting-started">17.2 Getting Started</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-deploying-in-single-primary-mode">17.2.1 Deploying Group Replication in Single-Primary Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-monitoring">17.3 Monitoring Group Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-replication-group-member-stats">17.3.1 Replication_group_member_stats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-replication-group-members">17.3.2 Replication_group_members</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-replication-connection-status">17.3.3 Replication_connection_status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-replication-applier-status">17.3.4 Replication_applier_status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-server-states">17.3.5 Group Replication Server States</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-operations">17.4 Group Replication Operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-deploying-in-multi-primary-or-single-primary-mode">17.4.1 Deploying in Multi-Primary or Single-Primary Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-tuning-recovery">17.4.2 Tuning Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-network-partitioning">17.4.3 Network Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-enterprise-backup">17.4.4 Using MySQL Enterprise Backup with Group Replication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-security">17.5 Group Replication Security</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-ip-address-whitelisting">17.5.1 IP Address Whitelisting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl">17.5.2 Secure Socket Layer Support (SSL)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-virtual-private-networks-vpn">17.5.3 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-options">17.6 Group Replication System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-requirements-and-limitations">17.7 Requirements and Limitations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-requirements">17.7.1 Group Replication Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-limitations">17.7.2 Group Replication Limitations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-frequently-asked-questions">17.8 Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-technical-details">17.9 Group Replication Technical Details</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-plugin-architecture">17.9.1 Group Replication Plugin Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-the-group">17.9.2 The Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-data-manipulation-statements">17.9.3 Data Manipulation Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-data-definition-statements">17.9.4 Data Definition Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-distributed-recovery">17.9.5 Distributed Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-observability">17.9.6 Observability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="group-replication.html#group-replication-performance">17.9.7 Group Replication Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-shell-userguide.html">18 MySQL Shell</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="document-store.html">19 Using MySQL as a Document Store</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#document-store-legalnotice">19.1 Preproduction Status — Legal Notice</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#document-store-concepts">19.2 Key Concepts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#document-store-setting-up">19.3 Setting Up MySQL as a Document Store</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#document-store-shell-install">19.3.1 Installing MySQL Shell</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#installing-mysql-shell-starting">19.3.2 Starting MySQL Shell</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python">19.4 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Python</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-introduction">19.4.1 Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-download">19.4.2 Import Database Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-shell">19.4.3 MySQL Shell</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-collections">19.4.4 Documents and Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-relational-tables">19.4.5 Relational Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-python-documents-in-tables">19.4.6 Documents in Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript">19.5 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for JavaScript</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-introduction">19.5.1 Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-download">19.5.2 Import Database Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-shell">19.5.3 MySQL Shell</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-documents-collections">19.5.4 Documents and Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-relational-tables">19.5.5 Relational Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-tutorial-javascript-documents-in-tables">19.5.6 Documents in Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#mysql-shell-visual-studio">19.6 Quick-Start Guide: MySQL for Visual Studio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#x-plugin">19.7 X Plugin</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#x-plugin-ssl-connections">19.7.1 Using Secure Connections with X Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#x-plugin-options-variables">19.7.2 X Plugin Options and Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="document-store.html#x-plugin-system-monitoring">19.7.3 Monitoring X Plugin</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html">20 InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-introduction">20.1 Introducing InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-creating">20.2 Creating an InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-deployment-methods">20.2.1 Deployment Scenarios</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-requirements">20.2.2 InnoDB Cluster Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-methods-installing">20.2.3 Methods of Installing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-sandbox-deployment">20.2.4 Sandbox Deployment of InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-production-deployment">20.2.5 Production Deployment of InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-from-group-replication">20.2.6 Adopting a Group Replication Deployment</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-using-router">20.3 Using MySQL Router with InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-working-with-cluster">20.4 Working with InnoDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html#mysql-innodb-cluster-limitations">20.5 Known Limitations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-cluster.html">21 MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-overview">21.1 NDB Cluster Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-basics">21.1.1 NDB Cluster Core Concepts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-nodes-groups">21.1.2 NDB Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-overview-requirements">21.1.3 NDB Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-what-is-new">21.1.4 What is New in NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-compared">21.1.5 MySQL Server Using InnoDB Compared with NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations">21.1.6 Known Limitations of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-installation">21.2 NDB Cluster Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-auto">21.2.1 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-linux">21.2.2 Installation of NDB Cluster on Linux</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-windows">21.2.3 Installing NDB Cluster on Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-configuration">21.2.4 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-first-start">21.2.5 Initial Startup of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-example-data">21.2.6 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-install-shutdown-restart">21.2.7 Safe Shutdown and Restart of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-upgrade-downgrade">21.2.8 Upgrading and Downgrading NDB Cluster</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-configuration">21.3 Configuration of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-quick">21.3.1 Quick Test Setup of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-configuration-overview">21.3.2 Overview of NDB Cluster Configuration Parameters, Options, and Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-config-file">21.3.3 NDB Cluster Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-interconnects">21.3.4 Using High-Speed Interconnects with NDB Cluster</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs">21.4 NDB Cluster Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndbd">21.4.1 <span class="command"><strong>ndbd</strong></span> — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndbinfo-select-all">21.4.2 <span class="command"><strong>ndbinfo_select_all</strong></span> — Select From ndbinfo Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndbmtd">21.4.3 <span class="command"><strong>ndbmtd</strong></span> — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd">21.4.4 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_mgmd</strong></span> — The NDB Cluster Management Server Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm">21.4.5 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_mgm</strong></span> — The NDB Cluster Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-blob-tool">21.4.6 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_blob_tool</strong></span> — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster
        Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-config">21.4.7 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_config</strong></span> — Extract NDB Cluster Configuration Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-cpcd">21.4.8 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_cpcd</strong></span> — Automate Testing for NDB Development</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-delete-all">21.4.9 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_delete_all</strong></span> — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-desc">21.4.10 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_desc</strong></span> — Describe NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-drop-index">21.4.11 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_drop_index</strong></span> — Drop Index from an NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-drop-table">21.4.12 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_drop_table</strong></span> — Drop an NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-error-reporter">21.4.13 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_error_reporter</strong></span> — NDB Error-Reporting Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import">21.4.14 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_import</strong></span> — Import CSV Data Into NDB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-index-stat">21.4.15 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_index_stat</strong></span> — NDB Index Statistics Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-move-data">21.4.16 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_move_data</strong></span> — NDB Data Copy Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-perror">21.4.17 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_perror</strong></span> — Obtain NDB error message information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-print-backup-file">21.4.18 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_print_backup_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Backup File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-print-file">21.4.19 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_print_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Disk Data File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-print-frag-file">21.4.20 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_print_frag_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Fragment List File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-print-schema-file">21.4.21 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_print_schema_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Schema File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-print-sys-file">21.4.22 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_print_sys_file</strong></span> — Print NDB System File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-redo-log-reader">21.4.23 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_redo_log_reader</strong></span> — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-restore">21.4.24 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_restore</strong></span> — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-select-all">21.4.25 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_select_all</strong></span> — Print Rows from an NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-select-count">21.4.26 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_select_count</strong></span> — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-setup-py">21.4.27 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_setup.py</strong></span> — Start browser-based Auto-Installer for
        NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-show-tables">21.4.28 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_show_tables</strong></span> — Display List of NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-size-pl">21.4.29 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_size.pl</strong></span> — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top">21.4.30 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_top</strong></span> — View CPU usage information for NDB threads</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-waiter">21.4.31 <span class="command"><strong>ndb_waiter</strong></span> — Wait for NDB Cluster to Reach a Given Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-common">21.4.32 Options Common to NDB Cluster Programs — Options Common to NDB Cluster Programs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-management">21.5 Management of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-start-phases">21.5.1 Summary of NDB Cluster Start Phases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands">21.5.2 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup">21.5.3 Online Backup of NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-mysqld">21.5.4 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-rolling-restart">21.5.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-event-reports">21.5.6 Event Reports Generated in NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-logs-ndb-messages">21.5.7 NDB Cluster Log Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-single-user-mode">21.5.8 NDB Cluster Single User Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-sql-statements">21.5.9 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-ndbinfo">21.5.10 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-i_s-tables">21.5.11 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-security">21.5.12 NDB Cluster Security Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-disk-data">21.5.13 NDB Cluster Disk Data Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-online-add-node">21.5.14 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-privilege-distribution">21.5.15 Distributed MySQL Privileges for NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-ndb-api-statistics">21.5.16 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication">21.6 NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-abbreviations">21.6.1 NDB Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and Symbols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-general">21.6.2 General Requirements for NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-issues">21.6.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-schema">21.6.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-preparation">21.6.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-starting">21.6.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-two-channels">21.6.7 Using Two Replication Channels for NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-failover">21.6.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-backups">21.6.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-multi-master">21.6.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Multi-Master and Circular Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution">21.6.11 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-news">21.7 NDB Cluster Release Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="partitioning.html">22 Partitioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-overview">22.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-types">22.2 Partitioning Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-range">22.2.1 RANGE Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-list">22.2.2 LIST Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-columns">22.2.3 COLUMNS Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-hash">22.2.4 HASH Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-key">22.2.5 KEY Partitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-subpartitions">22.2.6 Subpartitioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-handling-nulls">22.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-management">22.3 Partition Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-management-range-list">22.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-management-hash-key">22.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY Partitions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-management-exchange">22.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-maintenance">22.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-info">22.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-pruning">22.4 Partition Pruning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-selection">22.5 Partition Selection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-limitations">22.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys">22.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-limitations-storage-engines">22.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-limitations-functions">22.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="partitioning.html#partitioning-limitations-locking">22.6.4 Partitioning and Locking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="stored-programs-views.html">23 Stored Programs and Views</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-programs-defining">23.1 Defining Stored Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-routines">23.2 Using Stored Routines (Procedures and Functions)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-routines-syntax">23.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-routines-privileges">23.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-routines-metadata">23.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-routines-last-insert-id">23.2.4 Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#triggers">23.3 Using Triggers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#trigger-syntax">23.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#trigger-metadata">23.3.2 Trigger Metadata</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#event-scheduler">23.4 Using the Event Scheduler</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-overview">23.4.1 Event Scheduler Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-configuration">23.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-syntax">23.4.3 Event Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-metadata">23.4.4 Event Metadata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-status-info">23.4.5 Event Scheduler Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#events-privileges">23.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#views">23.5 Using Views</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#view-syntax">23.5.1 View Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#view-algorithms">23.5.2 View Processing Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#view-updatability">23.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#view-check-option">23.5.4 The View WITH CHECK OPTION Clause</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#view-metadata">23.5.5 View Metadata</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-programs-security">23.6 Access Control for Stored Programs and Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-programs-views.html#stored-programs-logging">23.7 Binary Logging of Stored Programs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="information-schema.html">24 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#information-schema-introduction">24.1 Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#character-sets-table">24.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#collations-table">24.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#collation-character-set-applicability-table">24.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#columns-table">24.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#column-privileges-table">24.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#engines-table">24.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#events-table">24.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#files-table">24.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#status-table">24.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_STATUS and SESSION_STATUS Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#variables-table">24.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#key-column-usage-table">24.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#ndb-transid-mysql-connection-map-table">24.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#optimizer-trace-table">24.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA OPTIMIZER_TRACE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#parameters-table">24.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#partitions-table">24.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#plugins-table">24.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#processlist-table">24.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#profiling-table">24.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#referential-constraints-table">24.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#routines-table">24.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#schemata-table">24.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#schema-privileges-table">24.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#statistics-table">24.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tables-table">24.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tablespaces-table">24.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#table-constraints-table">24.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#table-privileges-table">24.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#triggers-table">24.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#user-privileges-table">24.30 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#views-table">24.31 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-i_s-tables">24.32 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-buffer-page-table">24.32.1 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-buffer-page-lru-table">24.32.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-buffer-pool-stats-table">24.32.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-cmp-table">24.32.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-cmpmem-table">24.32.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-cmp-per-index-table">24.32.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and
      INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-being-deleted-table">24.32.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-config-table">24.32.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-default-stopword-table">24.32.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-deleted-table">24.32.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-index-cache-table">24.32.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-ft-index-table-table">24.32.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-locks-table">24.32.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCKS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-lock-waits-table">24.32.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCK_WAITS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-metrics-table">24.32.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-columns-table">24.32.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-datafiles-table">24.32.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-fields-table">24.32.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FIELDS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-foreign-table">24.32.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-foreign-cols-table">24.32.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-indexes-table">24.32.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_INDEXES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-tables-table">24.32.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-tablespaces-table">24.32.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-tablestats-table">24.32.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-sys-virtual-table">24.32.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-temp-table-info-table">24.32.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#innodb-trx-table">24.32.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#thread-pool-i_s-tables">24.33 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Thread Pool Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tp-thread-group-state-table">24.33.1 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tp-thread-group-stats-table">24.33.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tp-thread-state-table">24.33.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#connection-control-i_s-tables">24.34 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Connection-Control Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#connection-control-failed-login-attempts-table">24.34.1 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#extended-show">24.35 Extensions to SHOW Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="performance-schema.html">25 MySQL Performance Schema</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-quick-start">25.1 Performance Schema Quick Start</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-build-configuration">25.2 Performance Schema Build Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-startup-configuration">25.3 Performance Schema Startup Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-runtime-configuration">25.4 Performance Schema Runtime Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-timing">25.4.1 Performance Schema Event Timing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-filtering">25.4.2 Performance Schema Event Filtering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-pre-filtering">25.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-instrument-filtering">25.4.4 Pre-Filtering by Instrument</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-object-filtering">25.4.5 Pre-Filtering by Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-thread-filtering">25.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-consumer-filtering">25.4.7 Pre-Filtering by Consumer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-consumer-configurations">25.4.8 Example Consumer Configurations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-filtering-names">25.4.9 Naming Instruments or Consumers for Filtering Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-instrumentation-checking">25.4.10 Determining What Is Instrumented</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-queries">25.5 Performance Schema Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-instrument-naming">25.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-status-monitoring">25.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-atom-molecule-events">25.8 Performance Schema Atom and Molecule Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-statement-digests">25.9 Performance Schema Statement Digests</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-table-characteristics">25.10 Performance Schema General Table Characteristics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-table-descriptions">25.11 Performance Schema Table Descriptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-table-index">25.11.1 Performance Schema Table Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-setup-tables">25.11.2 Performance Schema Setup Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-instance-tables">25.11.3 Performance Schema Instance Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-wait-tables">25.11.4 Performance Schema Wait Event Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-stage-tables">25.11.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-statement-tables">25.11.6 Performance Schema Statement Event Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-transaction-tables">25.11.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-connection-tables">25.11.8 Performance Schema Connection Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-connection-attribute-tables">25.11.9 Performance Schema Connection Attribute Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-user-variable-tables">25.11.10 Performance Schema User Variable Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-replication-tables">25.11.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-lock-tables">25.11.12 Performance Schema Lock Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-system-variable-tables">25.11.13 Performance Schema System Variable Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-status-variable-tables">25.11.14 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-summary-tables">25.11.15 Performance Schema Summary Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-miscellaneous-tables">25.11.16 Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-option-variable-reference">25.12 Performance Schema Option and Variable Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-options">25.13 Performance Schema Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-system-variables">25.14 Performance Schema System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-status-variables">25.15 Performance Schema Status Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-memory-model">25.16 The Performance Schema Memory-Allocation Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-and-plugins">25.17 Performance Schema and Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-examples">25.18 Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-query-profiling">25.18.1 Query Profiling Using Performance Schema</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="performance-schema.html#performance-schema-variable-table-migration">25.19 Migrating to Performance Schema System and Status Variable Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="sys-schema.html">26 MySQL sys Schema</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-prerequisites">26.1 Prerequisites for Using the sys Schema</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-usage">26.2 Using the sys Schema</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-progress-reporting">26.3 sys Schema Progress Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-reference">26.4 sys Schema Object Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-object-index">26.4.1 sys Schema Object Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-tables">26.4.2 sys Schema Tables and Triggers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-views">26.4.3 sys Schema Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-procedures">26.4.4 sys Schema Stored Procedures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sys-schema.html#sys-schema-functions">26.4.5 sys Schema Stored Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="connectors-apis.html">27 Connectors and APIs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-c-info">27.1 MySQL Connector/C</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-cpp-info">27.2 MySQL Connector/C++</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-j-info">27.3 MySQL Connector/J</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-net-info">27.4 MySQL Connector/NET</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-odbc-info">27.5 MySQL Connector/ODBC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#connector-python-info">27.6 MySQL Connector/Python</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#libmysqld">27.7 libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#libmysqld-compiling">27.7.1 Compiling Programs with libmysqld</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#libmysqld-restrictions">27.7.2 Restrictions When Using the Embedded MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#libmysqld-options">27.7.3 Options with the Embedded Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#libmysqld-example">27.7.4 Embedded Server Examples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api">27.8 MySQL C API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-implementations">27.8.1 MySQL C API Implementations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-multiple-installations">27.8.2 Simultaneous MySQL Server and Connector/C Installations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-example-programs">27.8.3 Example C API Client Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-building-running-clients">27.8.4 Building and Running C API Client Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-data-structures">27.8.5 C API Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-function-overview">27.8.6 C API Function Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-functions">27.8.7 C API Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statements">27.8.8 C API Prepared Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-data-structures">27.8.9 C API Prepared Statement Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-function-overview">27.8.10 C API Prepared Statement Function Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-functions">27.8.11 C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-thread-functions">27.8.12 C API Threaded Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-embedded-server-functions">27.8.13 C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-plugin-functions">27.8.14 C API Client Plugin Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-encrypted-connections">27.8.15 C API Encrypted Connection Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-multiple-queries">27.8.16 C API Multiple Statement Execution Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-date-handling">27.8.17 C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-call-statements">27.8.18 C API Prepared CALL Statement Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-problems">27.8.19 C API Prepared Statement Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-auto-reconnect">27.8.20 C API Automatic Reconnection Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#c-api-common-issues">27.8.21 C API Common Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-php-info">27.9 MySQL PHP API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-perl">27.10 MySQL Perl API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-python">27.11 MySQL Python API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-ruby">27.12 MySQL Ruby APIs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-ruby-mysqlruby">27.12.1 The MySQL/Ruby API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-ruby-rubymysql">27.12.2 The Ruby/MySQL API</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-tcl">27.13 MySQL Tcl API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors-apis.html#apis-eiffel">27.14 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="extending-mysql.html">28 Extending MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-internals">28.1 MySQL Internals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-threads">28.1.1 MySQL Threads</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-test-suite">28.1.2 The MySQL Test Suite</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#plugin-api">28.2 The MySQL Plugin API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#plugin-types">28.2.1 Types of Plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#plugin-api-characteristics">28.2.2 Plugin API Characteristics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#plugin-api-components">28.2.3 Plugin API Components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#writing-plugins">28.2.4 Writing Plugins</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#plugin-services">28.3 MySQL Services for Plugins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#locking-service">28.3.1 The Locking Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#keyring-service">28.3.2 The Keyring Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-functions">28.4 Adding New Functions to MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#udf-features">28.4.1 Features of the User-Defined Function Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-udf">28.4.2 Adding a New User-Defined Function</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-native-function">28.4.3 Adding a New Native Function</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#porting">28.5 Debugging and Porting MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#debugging-server">28.5.1 Debugging a MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#debugging-client">28.5.2 Debugging a MySQL Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#dbug-package">28.5.3 The DBUG Package</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html">29 MySQL Enterprise Edition</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-monitor">29.1 MySQL Enterprise Monitor Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-backup">29.2 MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-security">29.3 MySQL Enterprise Security Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-encryption">29.4 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-audit">29.5 MySQL Enterprise Audit Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-firewall">29.6 MySQL Enterprise Firewall Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html#mysql-enterprise-thread-pool">29.7 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="workbench.html">30 MySQL Workbench</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="faqs.html">A MySQL 5.7 Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-general">A.1 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: General</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-storage-engines">A.2 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-sql-modes">A.3 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Server SQL Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-stored-procs">A.4 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-triggers">A.5 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Triggers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-views">A.6 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-information-schema">A.7 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-migration">A.8 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Migration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-security">A.9 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Security</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-mysql-cluster">A.10 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: NDB Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-cjk">A.11 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-connectors-apis">A.12 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Connectors &amp; APIs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-replication">A.13 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-thread-pool">A.14 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-innodb-change-buffer">A.15 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: InnoDB Change Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-tablespace-encryption">A.16 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: InnoDB Tablespace Encryption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-virtualization">A.17 MySQL 5.7 FAQ: Virtualization Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="error-handling.html">B Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-sources">B.1 Sources of Error Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-types">B.2 Types of Error Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-messages-server">B.3 Server Error Codes and Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-messages-client">B.4 Client Error Codes and Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#problems">B.5 Problems and Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#what-is-crashing">B.5.1 How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#common-errors">B.5.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#administration-issues">B.5.3 Administration-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#query-issues">B.5.4 Query-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#optimizer-issues">B.5.5 Optimizer-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#table-definition-issues">B.5.6 Table Definition-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#bugs">B.5.7 Known Issues in MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="restrictions.html">C Restrictions and Limits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#stored-program-restrictions">C.1 Restrictions on Stored Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#condition-handling-restrictions">C.2 Restrictions on Condition Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#cursor-restrictions">C.3 Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#subquery-restrictions">C.4 Restrictions on Subqueries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#view-restrictions">C.5 Restrictions on Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#xa-restrictions">C.6 Restrictions on XA Transactions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#charset-restrictions">C.7 Restrictions on Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#performance-schema-restrictions">C.8 Restrictions on Performance Schema</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#pluggable-authentication-restrictions">C.9 Restrictions on Pluggable Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#limits">C.10 Limits in MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#joins-limits">C.10.1 Limits on Joins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#database-count-limit">C.10.2 Limits on Number of Databases and Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#table-size-limit">C.10.3 Limits on Table Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#column-count-limit">C.10.4 Limits on Table Column Count and Row Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#limits-frm-file">C.10.5 Limits Imposed by .frm File Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#limits-windows">C.10.6 Windows Platform Limitations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="indexes.html">D Indexes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">General Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-cfunc.html">C Function Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-command.html">Command Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-function.html">Function Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-is.html">INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-jointype.html">Join Types Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-operator.html">Operator Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-option.html">Option Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-priv.html">Privileges Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-sqlmode.html">SQL Modes Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-statement.html">Statement/Syntax Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-statvar.html">Status Variable Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-sysvar.html">System Variable Index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="dynindex-isolevel.html">Transaction Isolation Level Index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="glossary"><a href="glossary.html">MySQL Glossary</a></span></dt></dl>
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